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Kant's antinomies : ウィキペディア英語版
Kant's antinomies
Immanuel Kant's Antinomies, from the ''Critique of Pure Reason'', are contradictions which he believed follow necessarily from our attempts to conceive the nature of transcendent reality.
Kant thought that certain of his Antinomies (God and Freedom) could be resolved as "Postulates of Practical Reason". He used them to describe the equally rational-but-contradictory results of applying the universe of pure thought to the categories or criteria, i.e. applying reason proper to the universe of sensible perception or experience (phenomena). Empirical reason cannot here play the role of establishing rational truths because it goes beyond possible experience and is applied to the sphere of that which transcends it.
These antinomies are four: two "mathematical" and two "dynamical". They are connected with (1) the limitation of the universe in respect of space and time, (2) the theory that the whole consists of indivisible atoms (whereas, in fact, none such exist), (3) the problem of free will in relation to universal causality, and (4) the existence of a necessary being.〔''Encyclopædia Britannica'', 11th ed. (1911), Vol. 2.〕
The first two antinomies are dubbed "mathematical" antinomies, presumably because in each case we are concerned with the relation between what are alleged to be sensible objects (either the world itself, or objects in it) and space and time. The second two are dubbed "dynamical" antinomies, presumably because the proponents of the thesis are not committing themselves solely to claims about spatio-temporal objects.〔S. Al-Azm, ''The Origins of Kant's Argument in the Antinomies'', Oxford University Press 1972.〕〔M. Grier, ''Kant's Doctrine of Transcendental Illusion'', Cambridge University Press 2001.〕〔M. Grier, "The Logic of Illusion and the Antinomies," in Bird (ed.), Blackwell, Oxford 2006, pp. 192-207.〕
==The Mathematical Antinomies==


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